DOI: 10.1553/biosystecol.5.e165369

Authors: Klaus Hasenhütl

Abstract: Diese Checkliste ist eine Zusammenstellung aller Literaturdaten zu österreichischen Pauropoden, stark erweitert durch erstmals veröffentlichte Daten aus dem Zeitraum 2021–2024. Für Österreich können insgesamt 42 Arten aus 9 Gattungen und 3 Familien (Pauropodidae, Brachypauropodidae, Eurypauropodidae) gelistet werden. Von diesen 42 Arten wird vom Autor eine als Exotikum geführt (Trachypauropus cordatus Scheller, 1974) da diese Art für Österreich nur aus einem anthropogen beeinflussten Habitat bekannt ist (Botanischer Garten Wien) und zum derzeitigen Kenntnisstand als eingeschleppt (zugekaufter Rindenmulch und Torf aus Deutschland) angesehen wird. Die 43 Erstnachweise, bezogen auf die einzelnen Bundesländer, verteilen sich auf 19 Arten. Davon sind drei Erstnachweise für das gesamte Bundesgebiet – Decapauropus therapnaeus (Leclerc, 1953), Brachypauropus occultus Rafalsky, 1977 und Brachypauropus superbus Hansen, 1902.

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DOI: 10.1553/biosystecol.4.e162198

Authors: Suvarna S. Khadakkar, Ashish D. Tiple, Ashish Kumar Jangid, Arun M. Khurad

Abstract: Despite the ecological importance of scarabs (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), their seasonal dynamics in central Indian tropical dry deciduous forests remain poorly documented. A study of seasonal distribution of scarabs in Bor forest, a tropical dry deciduous forest of central India, led to a collection of 72 species belonging to 35 genera under subfamilies, Aphodiinae, Cetoniinae, Dynastinae, Melolonthinae, Rutelinae, Scarabaeinae and Orphninae. Subfamily Scarabaeinae is found to be the most species-rich with 36 species under 14 genera. Genus Onthophagus is the most speciose genus with 15 species. Subfamily Orphninae was found to be the least diverse with a single species. Season and weather parameters shaped the scarab beetle assemblages in the tropical dry deciduous Bor forest. Scarab species richness is found to be positively and significantly related to the mean temperature (β = 0.03 ± 0.01 SE, p < 0.05) and to the mean precipitation (β = 0.03 ± 0.01 SE, p < 0.05). Constrained by logistics, we could not identify optimum temperature or precipitation values on which the scarab species richness can be highest for both the fitter models. Our results implicate further need of assessing the seasonal distribution of endemic, native and non-native scarabs. Study of which is important in the Anthropocene due to habitat loss and species extinctions owing to unprecedented land use change and forest fragmentation in the tropics.

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DOI: 10.1553/biosystecol.4.e154327

Authors: Michael Hohla, Heiko Korsch, Markus Hofbauer, Karl-Georg Bernhardt, Wolfgang Diewald, Ilse Foissner, Dietmar Jäger, Karin Pall, Ulrike Prochinig, Michael Schagerl, Klaus van de Weyer, Thomas Gregor

Abstract: Im Zuge des Projektes „Characeen Österreichs‟ wurden von 2005 bis 2025 7.577 Funddaten von Armleuchteralgen (Characeae) dokumentiert. Erstmals gibt es nun eine Monografie der Characeen Österreichs mit Checkliste, Verbreitungskarten der Arten und Roter Liste. Insgesamt konnten 35 Arten nachgewiesen werden. Nachweise und Gefährdungsgrade der einzelnen Arten werden detailliert für die einzelnen Bundesländer und Naturräume angegeben. Im allgemeinen Teil der Monographie werden die Erforschungsgeschichte der Characeenflora, Systematik und Nomenklatur, Ökologie und Physiologie, Lebensräume und Naturschutz behandelt. Im speziellen Teil werden Habitate und deren Gefährdung, Angaben zum Vorkommen der Arten auf verschiedenen Seehöhen, deren Morphologie, Ökologie, Bestandsentwicklung und Verbreitung mit Quellenangaben und Verbreitungskarten beschrieben. Die Characeen-Österreich-Datenbank mit allen Funddaten ist online abrufbar.

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DOI: 10.1553/biosystecol.4.e142543

Authors: Suvarna S. Khadakkar, Ashish D. Tiple, Arun M. Khurad

Abstract: Detailed description of the 3rd instar larva and pupa of Phyllognathus dionysius is described along with notes on biology and distribution. Some beetles belonging to the family Scarabaeidae are economically important as crop pests. Grubs of P. dionysius are coprophagus and polyphagous and known to feed on roots of jowar (Sorguhm bicolor), bajra (Pennisetum glaucum), maize (Zea mays), turmeric (Curcuma longa), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and paddy (Oryza sativa) while adults are nocturnal in habit and feed on foliage of Ficus sp. For this study, grubs of P. dionysius were collected from the Bor forest of Maharashtra, central India. Collected grubs were reared in rearing pots in the laboratory under optimum temperature and humidity. Our knowledge of developmental stages of scarabs lags behind our knowledge of the adults especially in the fields of morphology and taxonomy. In this study, we provide brief diagnostic characters for identification of the immature stages of P. dionysius along with the biology. Life cycle of P. dionysius was completed in 145–163 days with prepupal period of 24–36 hours and pupal period of 9–11 days.

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DOI: 10.1553/biosystecol.3.e142996

Authors: Christian Sturmbauer, Viktor J. Bruckman

Abstract: NA

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DOI: 10.1553/biosystecol.3.e123592

Authors: Peter Zwetko, Christian Scheuer, Irmgard Krisai-Greilhuber, Paul Blanz

Abstract: This first part of an in-depth treatment of Austrian rust fungi (Pucciniales, formerly Uredinales) contains all genera except Puccinia s.l. and Uromyces. The rust species included here belong to the families Coleosporiaceae, Melampsoraceae, Milesinaceae, Pucciniastraceae (all four in suborder Melampsorineae), as well as Gymnosporangiaceae, Ochropsoraceae, Phragmidiaceae, Tranzscheliaceae, and some taxa of uncertain position. The introductory part consists of four chapters. Instead of a glossary, a short ‘Introduction to the rust fungi’ and their terminology is presented. It is based on the life cycle of a well-known textbook fungus, the host alternating Puccinia graminis. In the chapter ‘Spore states and life cycles of rust fungi’ persisting difficulties of rust terminology are pointed out, followed by detailed overviews of rust sori and spores (especially of aecia and uredinia) and of the diverse life cycles of rust fungi. Two tables summarise the basic modifications of the life cycle and the terms for rust sori and spore types. A brief chapter on rust nomenclature deals mainly with the consequences of the changes in Article 59 of the ‘International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants’ of 2012 (Melbourne Code) for the scientific names of rust fungi. At the end of the introductory part, the arrangement of rust taxa in the book and abbreviations are explained. A list of the short determination keys completes the introductory chapters. The main part (‘Rust taxa: rust-host combinations, diagnoses, illustrations, remarks and keys’) is divided into two sections: ‘Melampsoraceae and related families’ includes the four families of suborder Melampsorineae, followed by ‘Other families and Genera incertae sedis’. According to the corresponding introductory chapter, J.C. Arthur’s terms for rust sori and spores are adopted in the sense of D.B.O. Savile. The circumscriptions of families and genera in this volume largely agree with those accepted by Aime et al. (2018a) and Aime and McTaggart (2020). Full descriptions or diagnoses of families and genera are not given consistently, but in some cases morphological, taxonomic and nomenclatural issues are discussed in detail. The nomenclature of species mainly follows MycoBank (2024) and/or Index Fungorum (2024), and the checklist in Thiel et al. (2023). The species concept is still more or less in line with the views expressed in E. Gäumann’s ‘Die Rostpilze Mitteleuropas’ (1959) which has also been the taxonomic basis of the second edition of the checklist of Austrian rust fungi by Poelt and Zwetko (1997). This checklist is also the mycofloristic basis of the present volume because a fully updated account of the rust flora of Austria (including recent publications) has been postponed and scheduled for the pending second volume. The main part lists European rust taxa (except Puccinia s.l. and Uromyces) recorded on host plants occurring in Austria until 1997, and the preliminary, partial ‘Alphabetical host-parasite index’ (Appendix 1) lists the European rust hosts occurring in Austria; some of this information is based on inoculation experiments cited in classic rust florae (especially those by Gäumann and Klebahn, see below). Melampsoraceae and related families (suborder Melampsorineae). In accordance with recent molecular genetic evidence, the Coleosporiaceae are treated in a wider sense, including Chrysomyxa, Coleosporium, Cronartium, Rossmanomyces (recently separated from Chrysomyxa), and Thekopsora (recently transferred from Pucciniastraceae). The Melampsoraceae s.str. contain only the difficult genus Melampsora. The species concept adopted for this genus mainly follows two classic works, H. Klebahn’s rust volume in ‘Kryptogamenflora der Mark Brandenburg’ of 1914 and E. Gäumann’s ‘Die Rostpilze Mitteleuropas’ of 1959; infraspecific ‘formae speciales’ are discussed in several cases. The Milesinaceae include the fern rust genera Milesina and Uredinopsis, but also Naohidemyces vaccinii (recently transferred from Pucciniastraceae) with Vaccinium spp. as uredinial hosts. The generic concept within the Pucciniastraceae is far from settled, and the genera Calyptospora and Melampsorella are still accepted although they might be included with Pucciniastrum in the future; Hyalopsora and Melampsoridium are well-delimited genera. Other families and Genera incertae sedis. This section includes a heterogeneous assemblage of the families Phragmidiaceae (Gymnoconia, Kuehneola, Phragmidium, Trachyspora, Triphragmium, Xenodochus), Gymnosporangiaceae (Gymnosporangium), Ochropsoraceae (Ochropsora), Tranzscheliaceae (Leucotelium, Tranzschelia), and two more genera which are not assigned to a family here (Nyssopsora, Triphragmiopsis).

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DOI: 10.1553/biosystecol.3.e113380

Authors: Leander Khil, Andreas Ranner, Hans-Martin Berg, Michael Dvorak

Abstract: This list comprises the 447 bird species and their subspecies that have been recorded in the wild in Austria up to and including 2023. Species names and key are given in English. It shows in which federal states the different taxa have been recorded and in which they were breeding in the years 2013–2023. A short annotation describes distribution patterns within the country and phenological peculiarities, status and category are listed and the seasonal presence is depicted. For regular breeding species the current status on the national Red List and the national breeding population are given. For species that have not been recorded more than ten times, each record is listed. 444 taxa are illustrated by photos from Austria.

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DOI: 10.1553/biosystecol.3.e115244

Authors: William F. Wood, David L. Largent, Darvin A. DeShazer

Abstract: The “shrimp mushroom”, Russula xerampelina, has a strong cooked shellfish odour. Headspace volatiles from fresh sporocarps of this mushroom were analysed using solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Trimethylamine and trimethylamine N-oxide were the only volatile compounds detected emanating from the fruiting body. Trimethylamine is noted for its fishy, cooked crab or cooked shrimp-like odour. Graphical Abstract

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DOI: 10.1553/biosystecol.2.e112764

Authors: Matthias Jentzsch, Maria Königstein

Abstract: The checklist of louse flies in Austria currently comprises 16 species. With Crataerina melbae and Ornithophila metallica, this includes two first records compared to the status of previous publications. The state of research in the federal states varies considerably. With reference to the occurrence of their hosts in Austria, at least four further species are to be expected.

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DOI: 10.1553/biosystecol.2.e113169

Authors: William F. Wood

Abstract: The oyster plant (Britain) or oyster leaf (North America), Mertensia maritima (L.) Gray has a strong oyster-like odour. Headspace volatiles from fresh crushed leaves of this plant were analysed using solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Dimethyl sulphide was detected emanating from the crushed leaves, a compound that is noted for being a major part of the odour profile of raw oysters.

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DOI: 10.1553/biosystecol.1.e71620

Authors: Luis González-Montaña

Abstract: The production of semantic annotations has gained renewed attention due to the development of anatomical ontologies and the documentation of morphological data. Two methods are proposed in this production, differing in their methodological and philosophical approaches: class-based method and instance-based method. The first, the semantic annotations are established as class expressions, while in the second, the annotations incorporate individuals. An empirical evaluation of the above methods was applied in the morphological description of Neotropical species of the genus Lepidocyrtus (Collembola: Entomobryidae: Lepidocyrtinae). The semantic annotations are expressed as RDF triple, which is a language most flexible than the Entity-Quality syntax used commonly in the description of phenotypes. The morphological descriptions were built in Protégé 5.4.0 and stored in an RDF store created with Fuseki Jena. The semantic annotations based on RDF triple increase the interoperability and integration of data from diverse sources, e.g., museum data. However, computational challenges are present, which are related with the development of semi-automatic methods for the generation of RDF triple, interchanging between texts and RDF triple, and the access by non-expert users.

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