Melampsora laricis-epitea on Larix decidua, as an example for aeciospore wall ornaments in the Melampsoraceae s.str.: a. Spore wall with evenly dispersed ornaments (warts); b. The same at higher magnification, showing warts consisting of a stout conical base carrying a depressed-globose element on top. The aeciospore wall lacks the ± smooth longitudinal strip (overlay) found in other Melampsorineae (compare Figs 8c, 16f, 21d on pages 186, 198, 206); (a, b from Zwetko and Blanz 2018: 282).